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1 ἔνοχος
ἔνοχος, ον (Pla.+; ins, pap, LXX; EpArist 25; Philo; Jos., Ant. 17, 127) =ἐνεχόμενος ‘caught in’.① pert. to being held in or constrained, subject to, w. gen. (Sir prol. ln. 13) ἔ. δουλείας held in slavery Hb 2:15.② pert. to being required to give an account for someth. held against one, liable, answerable, guilty.ⓐ w. dat. to denote the tribunal to which one is answerable, τ. κρίσει, τ. συνεδρίῳ Mt 5:21, 22ab (sim. datives are not uncommon, e.g. X., Mem. 1, 2, 64; IAsMinLyk II 1889, 166 no. 193 ἔνοχος ἔστω πᾶσι θεοῖς; POxy 275, 32 [66 A.D.]).ⓑ w. gen. (s. Mlt. 39; Wilcken, APF 1, 1901, 170, n. 3; ENachmanson, Eranos 11, 1911, 232)α. to denote the punishment θανάτου deserving of death (Diod S 27, 4, 7; Gen 26:11; Ar. 13, 7) Mt 26:66; Mk 14:64. αἰωνίου κρίσεως 3:29 v.l. (for ἁμαρτήματος [see ἁμάρτημα])β. to denote the crime (Antiphon 6, 46 τοῦ φόνου; Lysias 14, 5; Pla., Leg. 11, 914e τῶν βιαίων; Vett. Val. 117, 10 ἔ. μοιχείας; 2 Macc 13:6; Philo, Decal. 133) guilty αἰωνίου ἁμαρτήματος Mk 3:29. τῆς ἁμαρτίας τοῦ καταλαλοῦντος involved in the sin of the slanderer Hm 2:2; cp. 4, 1, 5. ἔνοχοι γ̣είν[ονται τούτου τοῦ| α̣ἵ̣[μ]ατος Hs 10, 4, 3 (Gk. text POxy 404, 41f; Lat.: reus fit sanguinis eius).γ. to denote the pers. (or thing) against whom the sin has been committed (Is 54:17 ἔνοχοί σου those who wrong you; s. Dssm. LO 91f [LAE 116]) ἔ. τοῦ σώματος καὶ τοῦ αἵματος sin against the body and the blood 1 Cor 11:27; γέγονεν πάντων ἔ. has sinned against all (the commandments) Js 2:10.ⓒ ἔ. εἰς τ. γέενναν τοῦ πυρός is to be explained as brachylogy guilty enough to go into the hell of fire Mt 5:22c (εἰς τὸ πύρ quot. Just., A I, 16, 2).—RBagnall, BASP 6, ’69, 91f.—B. 1445. DELG s.v. 1 ἔχω 4. M-M. EDNT. TW. -
2 δουλεία
δουλεία, ας, ἡ (δουλία Tdf.; Pind.+)① the state or condition of being held as chattel by another, slavery (the basic perspective of the ancient world that one can be owned by only one master is expressed Mt 6:24; Lk 16:13) μέχρι δουλείας ἐλθεῖν come into slavery of Joseph (TestJos 1:5; 10:3) 1 Cl 4:9; ἑαυτὸν παραδιδόναι εἰς δ. give oneself up to slavery 55:2.② state or condition of being subservient, servility, fig. ext. of mng. 1 (Herm. Wr. Fgm. II B p. 392, 10 Sc.; Mel., P. 49, 353 and 67, 477) πνεῦμα δ. a spirit of servility Ro 8:15. Fear of death leads to slavery Hb 2:15. Of serving the Mosaic law (cp. Lucian, Abdic. 23 ὑπὸ δουλείαν γενέσθαι νόμου) ζυγῷ δουλείας ἐνέχεσθαι be held fast in a yoke of slavery Gal 5:1; cp. 4:24; δ. τῆς φθορᾶς Ro 8:21. Of Christ’s life on earth Hs 5, 6, 7.—DELG s.v. δοῦλο. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv. -
3 γεννάω
γεννάω fut. γεννήσω; 1 aor. ἐγέννησα; pf. γεγέννηκα. Pass.: fut. pl. γεννηθήσεσθε Sir 41:9; 1 aor. ἐγεννήθην; pf. γεγέννημαι (Pind., Hdt.+).—See ARahlfs, Genesis 1926, 39. Gener., to cause someth. to come into existence, primarily through procreation or parturition.① become the parent of, begetⓐ by procreation (oft. LXX, fr. Gen 4:18 on) Mt 1:2–20 (cp. Diod S 4, 67, 2–68, 6, the genealogy of the Aeolians: 67, 4 Ἄρνη ἐγέννησεν Αἰόλον κ. Βοιωτόν; 67, 7 Ἱππάλκιμος ἐγέννησε Πηνέλεων; 68:1 Σαλμωνεὺς ἐγέννησε θυγατέρα … Τυρώ; 68, 3 Ποσειδῶν ἐγέννησε Πελίαν κ. Νηλέα; 68, 6 Νηλεὺς παῖδας ἐγέννησε δώδεκα. Interchanged with ἐγέννησε are ἐτέκνωσε, ἦν υἱός, παῖδες ἐγένοντο, etc.; cp. PMich 155, 7. The continuity is not formalized to the degree in Mt, but in Diod S 4, 69, 1–3 ἐγέννησε is repeated six times in a short space, and 4, 75, 4f ἐγέννησε occurs four times with the names of fathers and sons; Did., Gen. 144, 27); Ac 7:8, 29. ἐκ w. gen. of the mother (Hdt. 1, 108, 2; Diod S 4, 2, 1; 4, 62, 1; Palaeph. 44; PLond V, 1730, 10 οἱ ἐξ αὐτῆς γεννηθέντες υἱοί; Tob 1:9; 2 Esdr 10:44; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 2, 2 Jac.; TestJob 1:6; Jos, Ant. 12, 189) Mt 1:3, 5f.—Pass. be fathered (Orig., C. Cels. 8, 66, 23) ἐκ τῆς παιδίσκης κατὰ σάρκα w. the slave-woman, according to the flesh (i.e. in line with human devising; opp. διʼ ἐπαγγελίας) Gal 4:23. ὁ κατὰ σάρκα γεννηθείς he that was fathered by human design, opp. ὁ κατὰ πνεῦμα he that was fathered by the Spirit’s design, i.e. in keeping with the divine promise, vs. 23) vs. 29. τὸ ἐν αὐτῇ γεννηθὲν ἐκ πνεύματός ἐστιν that which is conceived in her is of the Spirit Mt 1:20 (τὸ γεννηθέν of that which is yet unborn: Diod S 17, 77, 3). Here the male principle is introduced by ἐκ (Lucian, Dial. Deor. 20, 14 ἐκ κύκνου γεγεννημένη; Phlegon: 257 Fgm. 36, 2, 4 Jac.; Ps-Callisth. 1, 30, 3 ἐξ Ἄμμωνος ἐγεννήθη; TestSim 2:2) as J 1:13 (ἐγενήθ. P75et al.); but in 3:6 the imagery is complex, involving a maternal aspect in vs. 4. W. ἀπό (En 15:8 οἱ γίγαντες οἱ γεννηθέντες ἀπὸ τ. πνευμάτων κ. σαρκός) ἀφʼ ἑνὸς ἐγεννήθησαν they were fathered by one man Hb 11:12 (numerous edd. ἐγενήθησαν). ἐκ πορνείας οὐ γεγεννήμεθα (v.l. ἐγεννήθημεν) J 8:41 (cp. StudPal XX, 4, 30 ἐξ ἀγράφων γάμων γεγεννῆσθαι). ἐν ἁμαρτίαις σὺ ἐγεννήθης ὅλος you’re a born sinner, totally! 9:34.—Lk 1:35 (where mng. 2 is also prob. [as in τὸ γεννώμενον Philo, Plant. 15]. S. AFridrichsen, SymbOsl 6, 1928, 33–36; HAlmqvist, Plut. u. d. NT ’46, 60f).ⓑ by exercising the role of a parental figure, ext. of 1a (Philo, Leg. ad Gai. 58 μᾶλλον αὐτὸν τῶν γονέων γεγέννηκα), of a teacher on pupils ἐν Χ. Ἰ. διὰ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου ὑμᾶς ἐγέννησα I became your father as Christians through the gospel 1 Cor 4:15; Phlm 10 (s. Ltzm. and JWeiss on 1 Cor 4:15; ADieterich, Mithraslit. 1903, 146ff).—Pass. ἐκ (τοῦ) θεοῦ γεννᾶσθαι J 1:13 (on the rdg. of the Lat. ms. b, s. JPryor, NovT 27, ’85, 296–318); 1J 2:29; 3:9; 4:7; 5:1, 4, 18. On γεννᾶσθαι ἐξ ὕδατος κ. πνεύματος J 3:5 cp. 1QS 4:20–22 and s. YYadin, JBL 74, ’55, 40–43. Also ἄνωθεν γ. J 3:3, 7. πᾶς ὁ ἀγαπῶν τὸν γεννήσαντα ἀγαπᾷ τὸν γεγεννημένον ἐξ αὐτοῦ everyone who loves the father (=God) loves the child (=Christ or one’s fellow Christian) 1J 5:1 (on γεννᾶσθαι ἐκ θεοῦ s. Hdb. on J 3:3 and 1J 3:9 and the sources and lit. listed there; s. also παλιγγενεσία). Cp. σήμερον γεγέννηκά σε (Ps 2:7) 1 Cl 36:4; GEb 18, 37; Ac 13:33 (held by some to have been the orig. rdg. Lk 3:22 v.l.; s. JHillmann, Die Kindheitsgesch. Jesu nach Lucas: Jahrbücher f. Protestantische Theologie 17/2, 1891, 192–261; HUsener, D. Weihnachtsfest2 1911, 38ff); Hb 1:5; 5:5.② to give birth to, bear (Aeschyl., Suppl. 48; X., De Rep. Lac. 1, 3; Lucian, Sacrif. 6; Plut., Mor., 3c; Ps.-Callisth. 1, 9, 2 ἐκ θεοῦ γεννήσασα παῖδα=a woman who has borne a child to a god; BGU 132 II, 5; Judg 11:1 B; Is 66:9; 4 Macc 10:2) Lk 1:13, 57; 23:29; J 16:21 w. τίκτειν; AcPl Ha 8, 28 εἰς δουλείαν γεννῶσα who bears children for slavery Gal 4:24. Pass. be born (ἐκ παρθένου Did., Gen. 96, 13) ἐγεννήθη Μωϋσῆς Ac 7:20; cp. Hb 11:23. γεγεννημένος ἐν Ταρσῷ Ac 22:3; μήπω … γεννηθέντων Ro 9:11; πρὶν ἡμᾶς γεννηθῆναι before we were born 1 Cl 38:3. εἰς τὸν κόσμον come into the world J 16:21; Mt 2:1, 4; 19:12; 26:24 (=1 Cl 46:8); Mk 14:21 (cp. En 38:2); Lk 1:35 (1a is also prob.; a v.l. adds ἐκ σοῦ, which can be rendered ‘the child to whom you give birth’). ἐκ Μαρίας ἐγεννήθη AcPlCor 1:14; 2:5 (cp. Mt 1:16); J 3:4; 9:2, 19f, 32; IEph 18:2; ITr 11:2; ἀληθῶς γ. be in fact born (in opp. to Docetism) 9:1. γεγεννημένα (v.l. γεγενημένα) εἰς ἅλωσιν 2 Pt 2:12. εἰς τοῦτο for this purpose J 18:37. διάλεκτος ἐν ᾑ ἐγεννήθημεν the language in which we were born i.e., which we have spoken fr. infancy Ac 2:8. ἐγὼ δὲ καὶ γεγέννημαι but I was actually born a Roman citizen 22:28. οὗτος ἐγεννήθη βασιλεύς born a king GJs 20:4 codd. γεννῶνται και γεννῶσιν Lk 20:34 v.l.③ to cause someth. to happen, bring forth, produce, cause, fig. of various kinds of production (Pla. et al.; Polyb. 1, 67, 2 στάσις ἐγεννᾶτο; Philo, De Jos. 254; Jos., Ant. 6, 144) 2 Ti 2:23.—γ. καρπόν produce fruit (Philo, Op. M. 113) ITr 11:1. Forged writing γεγεννημένον for γεγενημένον GJs 24:3.—B. 280. DELG s.v. γίγνομαι p. 222. M-M. TW.
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